DIABETES Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition where the body cannot effectively regulate blood glucose levels due to insufficient insulin production or action. Insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, facilitates the entry of glucose into cells for energy. When insulin is lacking or ineffective, glucose accumulates in the bloodstream, leading to hyperglycemia and potential long-term complications affecting the heart, kidneys, eyes, and nerves.

There are three main types of diabetes:

 An autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, resulting in little to no insulin production. It typically manifests in childhood or adolescence and requires lifelong insulin therapy.
 

Characterized by insulin resistance and eventual pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction, leading to elevated blood glucose levels. It is more common in adults and is often associated with lifestyle factors such as obesity and physical inactivity.
 

Occurs during pregnancy when the body cannot produce enough insulin to meet increased needs, leading to elevated blood glucose levels. It typically resolves after childbirth but increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.